The approach taken by this study, authored by Horacio Roldán Barbero, Professor of Criminal Law at the University of Córdoba, has a dual nature: political and legal. It is political in that it analyzes a phenomenon of clear ideological significance, and legal because it addresses the responses provided by public order laws and the specialized tribunal in the matter.

From the first perspective, it describes the common aspects of Maoism in Spain, identifying the main groups of this tendency and their objectives, with particular attention to two organizations: the PCE Marxist-Leninist and the PCE-International, without neglecting the analysis of several others. Subsequently, the author examines the legal-political nature of the regime under which Maoism emerged—namely, Franco’s regime in its advanced stage—the penal laws it established, and the types of offenses against this revolutionary tendency. The study then proceeds to analyze the content of the sentences issued by the Public Order Tribunal in this area. The work, published by the Publications Service of the University of Córdoba, concludes with a series of considerations on Maoism in Spain 30 years later, a list of TOP sentences that affected Maoist groups or groups that became Maoist, and a bibliography section.